Urartu, centred in the mountains around Lake Van (in eastern modern Turkey), expanded into Mannaia to become the Kingdom of Van. This made it a dangerous rival to the Assyrians, but it was eventually conquered by the Medes. The Urartians initially used 2-horse 2-crew chariots, but later changed to Assyrian-style 4-horse 3-crew. Military organisation was similar to Assyrian. It initially depended almost entirely on provincial foot spearmen, skirmishing archers and well- regarded cavalry armed with spear and shield. Reference: Armies of the Ancient Near East N. Stillman & N. Tallis.
— Urartian Army 880 BC - 765 BC
I/25 — MIDDLE-ASSYRIAN & EARLY NEO-ASSYRIAN 1365 BC - 745 BC
I/31 — NEO-HITTITE & LATER ARAMAEAN 1100 BC - 710 BC
I/37 — MANNAIAN & OTHER TAURUS & ZAGROS HIGHLANDERS 950 BC - 610 BC
I/40 — PHRYGIAN 851 BC - 676 BC
I/41 — MEDES, ZIRKIRTU, ANDIA & PARSUA 835 BC - 550 BC
I/37 — MANNAIAN & OTHER TAURUS & ZAGROS HIGHLANDERS 950 BC - 610 BC
— Urartian Army 764 BC - 585 BC
I/25 — MIDDLE-ASSYRIAN & EARLY NEO-ASSYRIAN 1365 BC - 745 BC
I/31 — NEO-HITTITE & LATER ARAMAEAN 1100 BC - 710 BC
I/37 — MANNAIAN & OTHER TAURUS & ZAGROS HIGHLANDERS 950 BC - 610 BC
I/40 — PHRYGIAN 851 BC - 676 BC
I/41 — MEDES, ZIRKIRTU, ANDIA & PARSUA 835 BC - 550 BC
I/45 — NEO-ASSYRIAN EMPIRE 745 BC - 681 BC
I/51 — LATER SARGONID ASSYRIAN 680 BC - 609 BC
I/31 — NEO-HITTITE & LATER ARAMAEAN 1100 BC - 710 BC
I/37 — MANNAIAN & OTHER TAURUS & ZAGROS HIGHLANDERS 950 BC - 610 BC
I/41 — MEDES, ZIRKIRTU, ANDIA & PARSUA 835 BC - 550 BC
I/43 — KIMMERIAN, SKYTHIAN & EARLY HU 750 BC - 70 AD