This list covers Christian Ethiopian and pagan or Muslim Horn-of-Africa armies from the foundation of the Ethiopian Axumite empire until the conquest of Gran the left-handed. Little armour was worn except helmets. Spears were short and accompanied by javelins, short swords and large round hide shields. Axumite generals sometimes rode elephants and supported the tribal levies (Wb) with a core of professional sarawit swordsmen, usually using a long straight cutting sword, but a few replacing it with an enormous sickle-shaped “shotel” intended to hook over an opponent’s shield or a “dembus”, described as an iron mace, staff or club. Camels (LCm) were used for scouting. Cavalry increased with time, most being Shara or Galla tribesmen riding scrubby ponies and armed with short spear and javelins. Their few shields were greatly prized and decorated with silver or a lion’s mane. References: Slingshots 131,132,139 & 140.
— Abyssinian or Horn-of-Africa Army 100 AD - 1284 AD
I/58 — MEROITIC KUSHITE 592 BC - 350 AD
II/23 — LATER PRE-ISLAMIC ARAB 312 BC - 633 AD
II/55 — NOBADES, BLEMMYE & BEJA 30 BC - 1500 AD
III/12 — CHRISTIAN NUBIAN 550 AD - 1500 AD
III/31 — UMAYYAD ARAB 661 AD - 750 AD
III/37 — ABBASID ARAB 747 AD - 945 AD
III/66 — FATIMID EGYPTIAN 969 AD - 1171 AD
I/58 — MEROITIC KUSHITE 592 BC - 350 AD
II/23 — LATER PRE-ISLAMIC ARAB 312 BC - 633 AD
II/55 — NOBADES, BLEMMYE & BEJA 30 BC - 1500 AD
— Abyssinian or Horn-of-Africa Army 1285 AD - 1529 AD
II/23 — LATER PRE-ISLAMIC ARAB 312 BC - 633 AD
II/55 — NOBADES, BLEMMYE & BEJA 30 BC - 1500 AD
III/12 — CHRISTIAN NUBIAN 550 AD - 1500 AD