Koguryo was the northern kingdom formed in Korea after the collapse of the Chinese Han dynasty. Overland invasions by Sui and T’ang Chinese armies failed to capture the heavily fortified frontier cities of the kingdom and it was only in 668 AD when weakened by civil war Koguryo fell to the Chinese forces. Koguryo soldiers are described as “warlike” and texts emphasize the widespread use of armour. The core of the army was its noble cavalry, nearly always depicted on fully armoured horses. Son Bae were elite young nobles who could be represented as a fully armoured lancer riding an unarmoured horse. The Malgal tribes of Manchuria provided both horse and foot archers. Armoured halberdiers depicted on one general’s tomb carry long Chinese-style halberds and medium sized shields. Militia had long spears, but lacked large shields. An earlier Chinese source mentions Yemaek tribesmen armed with pikes “as long as 3 men” and a regiment so armed was taken over by Shilla after the fall of Koguryo. References: Slingshots 234-236, Armies of T’ang China K.H. Ranitzsch.
— Koguryo Korean Army 300 AD - 668 AD
I/64 — EARLY JAPANESE 500 BC - 500 AD
II/61 — HSIEN-PL T’U-YU-HUN, WU-HUAN, PRE-DYNASTIC KHITAN & HSI 90 - 1000 AD
II/63 — THREE KINGDOMS & WESTERN TS’IN (CHIN) CHINESE 189 AD - 316 AD
II/75 — PAEKCHE & KAYA KOREAN 300 AD - 663 AD
II/77 — SHILLA KOREAN 300 AD - 935 AD
III/20 — SUI & EARLY T’ANG CHINESE 581 AD - 755 AD
II/38 — HSIUNG-NU OR JUAN-JUAN 250 BC - 555 AD
II/61 — HSIEN-PL T’U-YU-HUN, WU-HUAN, PRE-DYNASTIC KHITAN & HSI 90 - 1000 AD
II/75 — PAEKCHE & KAYA KOREAN 300 AD - 663 AD
II/77 — SHILLA KOREAN 300 AD - 935 AD
III/7 — PRE-SAMURAI JAPANESE 500 AD - 900 AD