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TULUNID OR IQSHIDID EGYPTIAN 868 AD - 905 AD & 935 AD - 969 AD
Ahmad ibn Tulun was a Turkish soldier sent to restore order to revolt-ridden Egypt in 868. He became semi-independent and also occupied much of Syria, but the cost of running the army of Turkish-style ghulams and black Sudanese ‘abid’ slave-troops bankrupted the Tulunid state, which returned to Abbasid rule in 905. Muhammad ibn Tughj, known by the Ferghanan title of “igshid”, was appointed governor in 935 to defend Egypt against attacks from Tunisia. He too became independent and his state lasted until Fatimid conquest in 969. Thughur were volunteers on the Byzantine frontier. Reference: Armies of the Dark Ages 1. Heath.