DBA Armies

This list covers the period from the initial Jewish revolt against the Seleucids until the death of John Hyrkanus. An initial guerrilla phase ended with the recognition of Jonathan in 152 BC as ruler with the power to collect taxes and raise troops. The War Rule section of the Dead Sea Scrolls describe the infantry as forming three large divisions, armed with large shields and 12-foot spears, but who start the battle by advancing in ranks to throw 7 successive volleys of javelins. These are taken as equivalent to Hellenistic thureophoroi (4Ax). References in battle accounts after 149 BC to the “phalanx” may still apply to these or imply partial rearmament with pikes. The section also mentions interpenetrating slingers and describes two types of cavalry. The older men are heavy cavalry (3Kn) who wore body armour, helmets, greaves, a small shield and were armed with a 12-foot spear. The younger men form unarmoured units (LH) with bow or javelin that supported the infantry divisions. References: Armies of the Macedonian and Punic Wars D. Head, The Dead Sea Scrolls in English G. Vermes, Battles of the Bible C. Herzog & M. Gichon, Slingshot 228.