This list covers the kingdom of Syria with its capital at Antioch from its foundation by Alexander’s general Seleukos until its abolition by Pompey. Tthe language of administration and culture was Greek, the military system Macedonian and the kingdom at first extended from the Mediterranean to the borders of India. The Xystophoroi were mostly converted into cataphracts after war with the Parthians and about half the elite Argyraspid pikemen were replaced by imitation legionaries after a defeat by the Romans. The Asiatic elephant herd was slaughtered by the Romans in 162 BC, but replaced later by smaller African Forest elephants. References: Armies of the Macedonian and Punic Wars D. Head, The Wars of Alexander’s Successors Vols 1 & 2 B. Bennett & M. Roberts, The Seleucid Army: Organisation & Tactics in the Great Campaigns B. Bar-Kochva, The Seleucid Army N. Sekunda, Funeral Games M. Renault (novel).
— Seleucid Army 320 BC - 280 BC
I/43 — KIMMERIAN, SKYTHIAN & EARLY HU 750 BC - 70 AD
I/48 — THRACIAN 700 BC - 46 AD
I/62 — LYKIAN 546 BC - 300 BC
I/6 — EARLY BEDOUIN 3000 BC - 312 BC
II/14 — ARIARATHID KAPPADOKIAN 330 BC - 322 BC & 300 BC - 17 AD
II/16 — ASIATIC EARLY SUCCESSOR 320 BC - 285 BC
II/17 — LYSIMACHID 320 BC - 281 BC
II/18 — MACEDONIAN EARLY SUCCESSOR 320 BC - 260 BC
II/2 — MOUNTAIN INDIAN 500 BC - 170 BC
II/20 — PTOLEMAIC 320 BC - 30 BC
II/22 — ARABO-ARAMAEAN 312 BC - 240 AD
II/23 — LATER PRE-ISLAMIC ARAB 312 BC - 633 AD
II/28 — EARLY ARMENIAN & GORDYENE 300 BC - 627 AD
II/3 — CLASSICAL INDIAN 500 BC - 545 AD
— Seleucid Army 279 BC - 205 BC
I/43 — KIMMERIAN, SKYTHIAN & EARLY HU 750 BC - 70 AD
I/48 — THRACIAN 700 BC - 46 AD
II/14 — ARIARATHID KAPPADOKIAN 330 BC - 322 BC & 300 BC - 17 AD
II/19 — SELEUCID 320 BC - 64 BC
II/2 — MOUNTAIN INDIAN 500 BC - 170 BC
II/20 — PTOLEMAIC 320 BC - 30 BC
II/22 — ARABO-ARAMAEAN 312 BC - 240 AD
II/23 — LATER PRE-ISLAMIC ARAB 312 BC - 633 AD
II/28 — EARLY ARMENIAN & GORDYENE 300 BC - 627 AD
II/30 — GALATIAN 280 BC - 25 BC
II/34 — ATTALID PERGAMENE 263 BC - 129 BC
II/35 — LATER MACEDONIAN 260 BC - 148 BC
II/36 — GRAECO-BACTRIAN 250 BC - 130 BC & GRAECO-INDIAN 170 BC - 55 BC
II/3 — CLASSICAL INDIAN 500 BC - 545 AD
— Seleucid Army 204 BC - 167 BC
I/48 — THRACIAN 700 BC - 46 AD
II/14 — ARIARATHID KAPPADOKIAN 330 BC - 322 BC & 300 BC - 17 AD
II/20 — PTOLEMAIC 320 BC - 30 BC
II/22 — ARABO-ARAMAEAN 312 BC - 240 AD
II/23 — LATER PRE-ISLAMIC ARAB 312 BC - 633 AD
II/28 — EARLY ARMENIAN & GORDYENE 300 BC - 627 AD
II/30 — GALATIAN 280 BC - 25 BC
II/33 — POLYBIAN ROMAN 275 BC - 105 BC
II/34 — ATTALID PERGAMENE 263 BC - 129 BC
II/35 — LATER MACEDONIAN 260 BC - 148 BC
II/37 — PARTHIAN 250 BC - 225 AD
II/43 — MACCABEAN JEWISH 168 BC - 104 BC
II/31 — HELLENISTIC GREEK 278 BC - 146 BC
— Seleucid Army 166 BC - 64 BC
II/14 — ARIARATHID KAPPADOKIAN 330 BC - 322 BC & 300 BC - 17 AD
II/19 — SELEUCID 320 BC - 64 BC
II/2 — MOUNTAIN INDIAN 500 BC - 170 BC
II/20 — PTOLEMAIC 320 BC - 30 BC
II/22 — ARABO-ARAMAEAN 312 BC - 240 AD
II/23 — LATER PRE-ISLAMIC ARAB 312 BC - 633 AD
II/28 — EARLY ARMENIAN & GORDYENE 300 BC - 627 AD
II/34 — ATTALID PERGAMENE 263 BC - 129 BC
II/35 — LATER MACEDONIAN 260 BC - 148 BC
II/37 — PARTHIAN 250 BC - 225 AD
II/3 — CLASSICAL INDIAN 500 BC - 545 AD
II/43 — MACCABEAN JEWISH 168 BC - 104 BC
II/44 — COMMAGENE 163 BC - 17 AD & 38 AD - 72 AD
II/50 — HASMONEAN JEWISH 103 BC - 63 BC
II/37 — PARTHIAN 250 BC - 225 AD
II/43 — MACCABEAN JEWISH 168 BC - 104 BC
II/50 — HASMONEAN JEWISH 103 BC - 63 BC