This list covers the mountain kingdom of Armenia in eastern Asia Minor from its foundation as an independent kingdom until Heraklios established full Byzantine control in 627 AD. It also covers the neighbouring state of Gordyene (modern Kurdistan) from coming under Parthian influence around 147 BC until subjection by the Sassanids around 225 AD. After the failure of their attempt at empire under Tigranes the Great, the Armenians survived by playing off their Roman and Parthian or Sassanid Persian neighbours against each other, formalised by their partition into Roman and Sassanid satellite kingdoms in 386 AD. The army consisted of tough mountaineers with thureos and javelins, plus nobles initially equipped as heavily-armoured cataphracts but eventually as fiercely charging lancers on unarmoured horses, supported by bow- armed skirmishers both mounted and on foot. Reference: Armies and Enemies of Imperial Rome P. Barker.
— Tigranes’ Army 83 BC - 69 BC
II/14 — ARIARATHID KAPPADOKIAN 330 BC - 322 BC & 300 BC - 17 AD
II/19 — SELEUCID 320 BC - 64 BC
II/28 — EARLY ARMENIAN & GORDYENE 300 BC - 627 AD
II/37 — PARTHIAN 250 BC - 225 AD
II/44 — COMMAGENE 163 BC - 17 AD & 38 AD - 72 AD
II/49 — MARIAN ROMAN 105 BC - 25 BC
II/28 — EARLY ARMENIAN & GORDYENE 300 BC - 627 AD
II/37 — PARTHIAN 250 BC - 225 AD
— Other Armenian Army 300 BC - 244 BC
I/43 — KIMMERIAN, SKYTHIAN & EARLY HU 750 BC - 70 AD
II/10 — CAMILLAN ROMAN 400 BC - 275 BC
II/14 — ARIARATHID KAPPADOKIAN 330 BC - 322 BC & 300 BC - 17 AD
II/19 — SELEUCID 320 BC - 64 BC
II/28 — EARLY ARMENIAN & GORDYENE 300 BC - 627 AD
II/37 — PARTHIAN 250 BC - 225 AD
II/44 — COMMAGENE 163 BC - 17 AD & 38 AD - 72 AD
II/49 — MARIAN ROMAN 105 BC - 25 BC
II/56 — EARLY IMPERIAL ROMAN 25 BC - 197 AD
II/58 — ALAN 50 AD - 1500 AD
II/64 — MIDDLE IMPERIAL ROMAN 193 AD - 324 AD
II/69 — SASSANID PERSIAN 220 AD - 651 AD
II/37 — PARTHIAN 250 BC - 225 AD
II/58 — ALAN 50 AD - 1500 AD
— Armenian Army 245 AD - 627 AD
II/28 — EARLY ARMENIAN & GORDYENE 300 BC - 627 AD
II/58 — ALAN 50 AD - 1500 AD
II/64 — MIDDLE IMPERIAL ROMAN 193 AD - 324 AD
II/69 — SASSANID PERSIAN 220 AD - 651 AD
II/78 — LATE IMPERIAL ROMAN 307 AD - 408 AD
II/80 — HUNNIC 356 AD - 570 AD
II/80 — HUNNIC 356 AD - 570 AD
— Gordyene Army 147 BC - 225 BC
II/28 — EARLY ARMENIAN & GORDYENE 300 BC - 627 AD
II/37 — PARTHIAN 250 BC - 225 AD
II/69 — SASSANID PERSIAN 220 AD - 651 AD