This list covers Roman armies from the reforms of Camillus until the changes made after narrowly defeating the 280 BC invasion of Pyrrhos of Epeiros in aid of the Italiot Greek states. During this period, Rome had stubbornly mastered Italy. Her armies were still citizen levies, but were increasingly kept in the field for long periods and paid while in service. Cavalry fought with spears and small round shields. Each legion usually had shieldless leves skirmishing in front with javelins, followed by hastati with pila, sword and scutum, then by principes with long spear, sword & scutum, and finally by a reserve of veteran triarii armed like the principes. Latin and Campanian allies were now identical to and so included with the Romans. Unassimilated Italian allies should be depicted as Oscans (see II/8). References: Armies of the Macedonian and Punic Wars D. Head, The Making of the Roman Army L. Keppie.
— Camillan Roman Army 400 BC - 275 BC
I/36 — ITALIAN HILL TRIBES 1000 BC - 124 BC
I/55 — LATIN, EARLY ROMAN, EARLY ETRUSCAN & UMBRIAN 650 BC - 290 BC
I/57 — ETRUSCAN LEAGUE 600 BC - 280 BC
II/11 — GALLIC 400 BC - 50 BC
II/13 — SAMNITE 355 BC - 272 BC
II/27 — PYRRHIC 300 BC - 272 BC
II/28 — EARLY ARMENIAN & GORDYENE 300 BC - 627 AD
II/5 — LATER HOPLITE GREEK 448 BC - 225 BC
II/8 — CAMPANIAN, APULIAN, LUCANIAN & BRUTTIAN 420 BC - 203 BC
II/13 — SAMNITE 355 BC - 272 BC