I/55 LATIN, EARLY ROMAN, EARLY ETRUSCAN & UMBRIAN 650 BC - 290 BC

This list covers the Italian lowland armies from the end of the Villanovan culture, modified by Etruscan and Greek influence and the building of cities. It includes the Etruscans until the founding of the Etruscan league (list 57) and Rome until the reforms of Servius Tullius around 578 BC (list 59). It also covers other Latin armies (which after 400 BC followed contemporary Roman practise) until the destruction of the Latin League in 338 BC; and Umbrian armies until the end of the third Samnite War in 290 BC. A third to a half of the troops named below as spearmen were hoplites, the remainder with scutum but no corslet being rated as second class. Most evidence for these armies is archaeological. References: Armies of the Macedonian and Punic Wars D. Head, Gli Eserciti Etruschi I. Fossati.

I/55a — Etruscan Army 650 BC - 600 BC

List: 1 x General in 2-horse 2-crew chariot (LCh) or on horseback (Cv), 2 x cavalry (Cv), 6 x spearmen (Sp), 1 x axemen (4Bd) or spearmen (Sp), 2 x javelinmen, slingers or archers (Ps)
Terrain: Arable
Aggression: 2

I/55b — Roman Army 650 BC - 578 BC

List: 1 x General in 2-horse 2-crew chariot (LCh) or on horseback (Cv), 1 x cavalry (Cv), 8 x spearmen (Sp), 2 x slingers, archers or javelinmen (Ps)
Terrain: Arable
Aggression: 2

I/55c — Latin Army 650 BC - 400 BC

List: 1 x General in 2-horse 2-crew chariot (LCh) or on horseback (Cv), 1 x cavalry (Cv), 7 x spearmen (Sp), 1 x spearmen (Sp) or skirmishers (Ps), 2 x slingers, archers or javelinmen (Ps)
Terrain: Arable
Aggression: 2
Allies: I/36 or I/52i
⚠ Unresolved allies: I/36

I/55d — Latin Army 399 BC - 338 BC

List: 1 x General (Cv), 1 x cavalry (Cv), 2 x hastati (4Bd), 4 x principes and triarii (Sp), 4 x leves (Ps)
Terrain: Arable
Aggression: 2
Allies: I/36 or I/52i or II/8b or II/9a or II/11
⚠ Unresolved allies: I/36

I/55e — Umbrian Army 650 BC - 290 BC

List: 1 x General in 2-horse 2-crew chariot (LCh) or on horseback (Cv), 1 x cavalry (Cv), 2 x spearmen (Sp), 6 x spearmen (3Ax), 2 x slingers, archers or javelinmen (Ps)
Terrain: Arable
Aggression: 2