This list covers the Roman wars with Carthage, Macedonia and the Seleucids. The change from the Camillan system is dated to the last year of the war against Pyrrhos of Epeiros on the assumption that it was a response to the new problems posed by enemy pikes and elephants. Armies were not permanent, but raised annually by the two consuls if required. Each citizen had an obligation to serve in the army when called upon, so lost armies were replaced at a rate disconcerting to victorious opponents, even if raw legions took time to reach full efficiency. A consular army was normally 2 legions, supported by the same number of allied alae. Each legion should be deployed with the velites skirmishing in front with javelins, then the hastati and principes, each of whom had pilum (a heavy throwing spear capable of penetrating armour or immobilising an enemy’s shield), gladius Hispaniensis (an acutely pointed Spanish sword ideal for thrusting past your own shield, but rather longer than the Early Imperial gladius), scutum (a large stout oval shield), bronze helmet and either a mail shirt (if wealthy) or small rectangular breastplate (if not), and at the rear, a reserve of veteran triarii still armed with long spear instead of pilum. References: Armies of the Macedonian and Punic Wars D. Head, The Making of the Roman Army L. Keppie, The Complete Roman Army A. Goldsworthy, Scipio Africanus: Soldier and Politician H.H. Scullard.
— Polybian Roman Army 275 BC - 105 BC
I/36 — ITALIAN HILL TRIBES 1000 BC - 124 BC
I/47 — ILLYRIAN 700 BC - 10 AD
I/48 — THRACIAN 700 BC - 46 AD
II/11 — GALLIC 400 BC - 50 BC
II/14 — ARIARATHID KAPPADOKIAN 330 BC - 322 BC & 300 BC - 17 AD
II/19 — SELEUCID 320 BC - 64 BC
II/30 — GALATIAN 280 BC - 25 BC
II/31 — HELLENISTIC GREEK 278 BC - 146 BC
II/32 — LATER CARTHAGINIAN 275 BC - 146 BC
II/34 — ATTALID PERGAMENE 263 BC - 129 BC
II/35 — LATER MACEDONIAN 260 BC - 148 BC
II/39 — ANCIENT SPANISH 240 BC - 20 BC
II/40 — NUMIDIAN & EARLY MOORISH 215 BC - 24 AD
II/44 — COMMAGENE 163 BC - 17 AD & 38 AD - 72 AD
II/45 — SICILIAN & ITALIAN SLAVE REVOLTS 135 BC - 71 BC
II/5 — LATER HOPLITE GREEK 448 BC - 225 BC
II/8 — CAMPANIAN, APULIAN, LUCANIAN & BRUTTIAN 420 BC - 203 BC
II/9 — SYRACUSAN 410 BC - 210 BC
II/11 — GALLIC 400 BC - 50 BC
II/31 — HELLENISTIC GREEK 278 BC - 146 BC
II/34 — ATTALID PERGAMENE 263 BC - 129 BC
II/39 — ANCIENT SPANISH 240 BC - 20 BC
II/40 — NUMIDIAN & EARLY MOORISH 215 BC - 24 AD