The “Second Bulgarian Empire” arose from an uprising in 1189 by 2 Vlach (Wallachian) chieftain brothers who refused to pay a tax to celebrate the marriage of the Byzantine emperor. They were checked in a battle near the Danube, were joined by the Cumans, recrossed the Danube enthusiastically approved by the Bulgar population, then allied with Serb leaders against the Byzantines. After the deaths of the brothers (by Byzantine assassin and angry husband), a third brother was recognized by the Pope as “Emperor of the Bulgars and Vlachs”. The rejuvenated “Bulgarian” empire was a constant nuisance to the Byzantines, prospered after the Latin conquest of Constantinople, and was finally annexed by the Ottomans. It was a basically feudal society with land-holding boyars leading personal followers and levies from their estates, plus a Greek element from the cities in Thrace and Macedon until estranged by harsh treatment. References: Armies of Feudal Europe 1. Heath, Armies of the Middle Ages Vol 2 1. Heath.
— Later Bulgar Army 1186 AD - 1395 AD
III/68 — EARLY HUNGARIAN 997 AD - 1245 AD
III/80 — CUMAN (KIPCHAK) 1054 AD - 1394 AD
IV/1 — KOMNENAN BYZANTINE 1071 AD - 1204 AD
IV/22 — SERBIAN EMPIRE 1180 AD - 1459 AD
IV/31 — NIKAIAN BYZANTINE 1204 AD - 1261 AD
IV/32 — ROMANIAN FRANK 1204 AD - 1432 AD
IV/33 — EPIROT BYZANTINE 1204 AD - 1340 AD
IV/43 — LATER HUNGARIAN 1245 AD - 1526 AD
IV/50 — PALAIOLOGAN BYZANTINE 1261 AD - 1384 AD
IV/55 — OTTOMAN 1281 AD - 1520 AD
IV/32 — ROMANIAN FRANK 1204 AD - 1432 AD
IV/47 — GOLDEN HORDE & SUCCESSORS 1251 AD - 1556 AD