The “Golden Horde” was named for the gilded tent of its first ruler, Chinggis’ grandson Batu. As a result of the original Mongol conquest of the Volga Bulgars, Cumans, Alans and the southern Russian principalities and the subsequent reduction of the northern Russian principalities to vassal status, the Horde ruled an enormous territory. Although nominally part of the Mongol empire until 1266, it was for all practical purposes independent. This list covers the “Tartar” armies of the Golden Horde until its overthrow by the Crimean khanate in 1502, then the successor khanates of the Crimea 1430-1473, Kazan 1445-1552 and Astrakhan 1466-1566. The Russians called the Tartar battle tactic “khorovod” (dance). It consisted of 2 strikes by horse archers, then a charge by armoured cavalry, the best on barded horses and using lances. Foot were “Bessermeni” (Muslim townsmen), “Armen” (Crimean Armenians), Italians and Siberians. References: Armies and Enemies of the Crusades 1. Heath, Armies of the Middle Ages Vol 2 1. Heath.
— Golden Horde or Successor Armies 1251 AD - 1556 AD
II/52 — DACIAN 60 BC - 106 AD & CARPI 106 AD - 380 AD
II/58 — ALAN 50 AD - 1500 AD
III/63 — EARLY POLISH 960 AD - 1335 AD
III/71 — GEORGIAN 1008 AD - 1683 AD
III/74 — SELJUQ TURK 1037 AD - 1276 AD
III/80 — CUMAN (KIPCHAK) 1054 AD - 1394 AD
IV/18 — LITHUANIAN & SAMOGITIAN 1132 AD - 1515 AD
IV/44 — POST-MONGOL RUSSIAN 1246 AD - 1533 AD
IV/46 — ILKHANID 1251 AD - 1355 AD
IV/47 — GOLDEN HORDE & SUCCESSORS 1251 AD - 1556 AD
IV/65 — WALLACHIAN & MOLDAVIAN 1330 AD - 1517 AD
IV/66 — LATER POLISH 1335 AD - 1515 AD
IV/75 — TIMURID 1360 AD - 1506 AD
IV/44 — POST-MONGOL RUSSIAN 1246 AD - 1533 AD
IV/55 — OTTOMAN 1281 AD - 1520 AD