This list covers the Javanese empires of Singhasari and Majapahit, the Malay sultanate of Malacca, the Moluccas (or “Spice Islands”) and other states of Indonesia, Malaysia and the Philippines, from the founding of Singhasari until the fall of Malacca to the Portuguese. Horsemen skirmished with javelins and shield, foot attacked fiercely “as though conscious of no peril” with sword or kris, shield and throwing spears. Gunpowder weapons were used from 1400. References: Early Mapping of Southeast Asia T. Suarez, A Short History of Indonesia C. Brown.
— Malay or Sumatran Army 1222 AD - 1511 AD
II/42 — TAMIL INDIAN & SINHALESE 175 BC - 1515 AD
III/23 — KHMER & CHAM 605 AD - 1471 AD
IV/37 — INDONESIAN & MALAY 1222 AD - 1511 AD
IV/40 — SIAMESE 1234 AD - 1518 AD
IV/73 — MING CHINESE 1350 AD - 1598 AD
II/42 — TAMIL INDIAN & SINHALESE 175 BC - 1515 AD
— Moluccan Army 1222 AD - 1511 AD
IV/37 — INDONESIAN & MALAY 1222 AD - 1511 AD
— Javanese Army 1222 AD - 1511 AD
III/23 — KHMER & CHAM 605 AD - 1471 AD
IV/37 — INDONESIAN & MALAY 1222 AD - 1511 AD
IV/48 — YUAN CHINESE 1260 AD - 1368 AD
IV/73 — MING CHINESE 1350 AD - 1598 AD
IV/37 — INDONESIAN & MALAY 1222 AD - 1511 AD
— Other Armies 1222 AD - 1511 AD
IV/12 — POLYNESIAN & MELANESIAN CIRCA 1100 AD - 1785 AD
IV/37 — INDONESIAN & MALAY 1222 AD - 1511 AD