The Dong-Son culture of Bronze-Age Vietnam represents the ancient kingdom of Van-lang and also the kingdom of Au Lac which succeeded it in the third century BC. From 111 BC until T’ang authority collapsed, Vietnam wasa rebellious Chinese province and then became fiercely independent. Its “Lac lords” and their warriors fought with “boot-shaped” axes, spears, bows and crossbows. Nan-Yueh was a kingdom founded by an ex-Ch’in official based in south China but including Vietnam. It would have introduced the Chinese military methods. War-elephants were first mentioned in connection with a revolt in 248 AD. The hill-tribes (called Lao) differed from the lowland tribes at this period and did not use elephants. Reference: The Birth of Vietnam K.W Taylor.
— Van-lang or Au Lac Vietnamese Army 700 BC - 207 BC
I/32 — WESTERN CHOU & “SPRING & AUTUMN” CHINESE 1100 BC - 480 BC
I/49 — EARLY VIETNAMESE 700 BC - 938 AD
II/29 — TIEN & K’UN-MING CHINESE 295 BC - 45 AD
II/4 — WARRING STATES & CH’IN CHINESE 480 BC - 202 BC
— Nan-Yueh Army 206 BC - 111 BC
I/49 — EARLY VIETNAMESE 700 BC - 938 AD
II/29 — TIEN & K’UN-MING CHINESE 295 BC - 45 AD
II/41 — HAN CHINESE 202 BC - 189 AD
II/4 — WARRING STATES & CH’IN CHINESE 480 BC - 202 BC
— Early Vietnamese Army 110 BC - 247 BC
I/49 — EARLY VIETNAMESE 700 BC - 938 AD
II/41 — HAN CHINESE 202 BC - 189 AD
II/63 — THREE KINGDOMS & WESTERN TS’IN (CHIN) CHINESE 189 AD - 316 AD
— Early Vietnamese Army 248 AD - 938 AD
I/49 — EARLY VIETNAMESE 700 BC - 938 AD
II/63 — THREE KINGDOMS & WESTERN TS’IN (CHIN) CHINESE 189 AD - 316 AD
II/79 — CHINESE NORTHERN & SOUTHERN DYNASTIES 317 AD - 589 AD
III/20 — SUI & EARLY T’ANG CHINESE 581 AD - 755 AD
III/23 — KHMER & CHAM 605 AD - 1471 AD
III/36 — NAN-CHAO & TA-LI 728 AD - 1382 AD
III/39 — LATE T’ANG & FIVE DYNASTIES CHINESE 755 AD - 979 AD
III/9 — BURMESE 500 AD - 1526 AD
III/23 — KHMER & CHAM 605 AD - 1471 AD