I/35 CYPRIOT & PHOENICIAN 1000 BC - 332 BC

This list covers Cyprus until the end of Evagoras’ revolt in 380 BC, Phoenician home armies until Alexander’s conquest in 332 BC and Phoenician colonial armies until the rise of Carthage from around 550 BC. Cyprus was successively conquered by Mycenaeans, Sea Peoples, Dorian Greeks and Phoenicians. It was tributary successively to Assyria, Egypt and Persia. Evagoras of Salamis was nominally a satrap of Persia, but rebelled when suspected of excessive ambition and fought on for 12 years until political intrigues forced the Persians to compromise. Archaeology at Salamis found the only 4-horse war chariots yet discovered outside China. These each had 2 poles connecting with a single straight yoke. The axle was 2.7m long and the distance from the yoke to the rear of the wheels was 3.3m. Trials with reconstructed chariots show that the practical frontage of 2 and 4 horse chariots was about the same, since the critical dimension for a 90 degree turn is length and the 4 horse chariot was no wider than the length of chariot and team. The horses were buried in horse-hair crested metal chamfrons, breast-plates and an ox-hide frontal “apron”. Cypriot spearmen are depicted in jerkin and helmet with a large round shield with pointed boss. Cavalry were similar but lacked shields. Reference: Armies of the Ancient Near East N. Stillman & N. Tallis, Slingshot 261.

I/35a — Cypriot or Phoenician Army 1000 BC - 901 BC

List: 1 x General in 2-horse 2-crew chariot (LCh), 1 x 2-horse 2-crew chariot (LCh), 6 x spearmen (4Ax), 4 x archers, slingers or javelinmen (Ps)
Terrain: Littoral
Aggression: 0
Enemies:

I/35b — Cypriot or Phoenician Army 900 BC - 666 BC

List: 1 x General in 4-horse 3-crew chariot (HCh), 1 x 4-horse 3-crew chariot (HCh), 1 x cavalry (Cv), 6 x spearmen (4Ax), 3 x archers, slingers or javelinmen (Ps)
Terrain: Littoral
Aggression: 0
Enemies:
Allies: I/30c

I/35c — Cypriot or Phoenician Army 665 BC - 490 BC

List: 1 x General in 4-horse 3-crew chariot (HCh) or on foot as hoplite (Sp), 1 x 4- horse 3-crew chariot (HCh), 1 x cavalry (Cv), 6 x spearmen (4Ax) or hoplites (Sp), 3 x archers, slingers or javelinmen (Ps)
Terrain: Littoral
Aggression: 0
Enemies:
Allies: I/30c or I/52g

I/35d — Cypriot or Phoenician Army 489 BC - 332 BC

List: 1 x General on horseback (Cv) or on foot as hoplites (Sp), 1 x cavalry (Cv), 7 x spearmen (4Ax) or hoplites (Sp), 2 x archers, slingers or javelinmen (Ps), 1 x bolt-shooters (Art) or hoplites (Sp)
Terrain: Littoral
Aggression: 0
Enemies:
Allies: I/52g or II/5i