This list covers the Babylonian empire in Mesopotamia controlled from the huge city of Babylon near modern Baghdad in Iraq; from the Kassite third dynasty’s first occupation of Babylon until the accession in 746 BC of Nabu-nasir. Babylon’s massive mud-brick walls were reported to be wide enough to drive a 4-horse chariot along the top. One of its temples inspired the Biblical account of the “Tower of Babel”. However, the equally famous “Hanging Gardens of Babylon” cannot be traced and may actually have been at Nineveh in Assyria. Although occasionally sacked, Babylon remained an important regional capital for successive states until the time of Alexander, who intended to make it the capital of his empire, but died there instead. After the Hittites sacked Babylon, the Kassites took control from the Old Babylonian kingdom (list I/15). At this time, southern Babylonia was the independent kingdom of “Sealand” (list I/12), but this had been reconquered by about 1460 BC. The reunited Kassite kingdom of Babylonia was weakened by an unsuccessful invasion of Assyria and fell when Babylon was sacked by the Elamites in 1157 BC. Babylon regained its position under the second dynasty of Isin when Nebuchadrezzar I (1126-1105 BC) won a major victory over the Elamites, but declined in the later period and was unable to prevent a large scale Aramaean tribal immigration. Reference: Armies of the Ancient Near East N. Stiliman & N. Tallis.
— Kassite Babylonian Army 1595 BC - 890 BC
I/12 — SUMERIAN SUCCESSOR STATES 2028 BC - 1460 BC
I/19 — MITANNI 1595 BC - 1274 BC
I/20 — SYRO-CANAANITE OR UGARITIC 1595 BC - 1100 BC
I/24 — HITTITE EMPIRE 1380 BC - 1180 BC
I/25 — MIDDLE-ASSYRIAN & EARLY NEO-ASSYRIAN 1365 BC - 745 BC
I/31 — NEO-HITTITE & LATER ARAMAEAN 1100 BC - 710 BC
I/4 — ZAGROS & ANATOLIAN HIGHLAND 3000 BC - 950 BC
I/5 — EARLY SUSIANA & ELAM 3000 BC - 800 BC
I/6 — EARLY BEDOUIN 3000 BC - 312 BC
I/6 — EARLY BEDOUIN 3000 BC - 312 BC
— Later Babylonian Army 889 BC - 747 BC
I/25 — MIDDLE-ASSYRIAN & EARLY NEO-ASSYRIAN 1365 BC - 745 BC
I/42 — NEO-ELAMITE 800 BC - 639 BC
I/5 — EARLY SUSIANA & ELAM 3000 BC - 800 BC
I/6 — EARLY BEDOUIN 3000 BC - 312 BC
I/25 — MIDDLE-ASSYRIAN & EARLY NEO-ASSYRIAN 1365 BC - 745 BC
I/6 — EARLY BEDOUIN 3000 BC - 312 BC