This list covers the wars of the Prophet and his immediate successors (the khalifs Abu Bakr, Umar, Uthman and Ali) from the “hijra” or migration of the Prophet and his followers to Medina until the establishment of the Umayyad Khalifate by Mu’awiya. Many horses were acquired in the initial conquests. It also covers rebellions between 658 and 873 by Khawarij religious and egalitarian fanatics bitterly opposed to both Sunni and Shia, who they thought authoritarian and insufficiently dedicated to fighting unbelievers. References: Armies of the Dark Ages 1. Heath, The Great Arab Conquests J.B. Glubb, The Great Arab Conguests H. Kennedy, In the Shadow of the Sword T. Holland.
— Arab Conquest Army 622 AD - 638 AD
II/23 — LATER PRE-ISLAMIC ARAB 312 BC - 633 AD
III/17 — MAURIKIAN BYZANTINE 575 AD - 650 AD
— Arab Conquest Army 639 AD - 660 AD
II/55 — NOBADES, BLEMMYE & BEJA 30 BC - 1500 AD
II/57 — LATER MOORISH 25 AD - 696 AD
II/69 — SASSANID PERSIAN 220 AD - 651 AD
III/12 — CHRISTIAN NUBIAN 550 AD - 1500 AD
III/16 — KHAZAR 568 AD - 1083 AD
III/17 — MAURIKIAN BYZANTINE 575 AD - 650 AD
III/27 — RSHTUNI ARMENIAN 639 AD - 717 AD
III/29 — THEMATIC BYZANTINE 650 AD - 963 AD
III/8 — CENTRAL-ASIAN CITY STATES 500 AD - 1000 AD
— Khawarij Army 658 AD - 873 AD
III/25 — ARAB CONQUEST 622 AD - 660 AD & KHAWARIJ 658 AD - 873 AD
III/31 — UMAYYAD ARAB 661 AD - 750 AD