This list starts with the Lombard settlement in Pannonia and presumed adoption of cavalry warfare. In 568 AD they invaded Italy and the list ends with the definitive settlement of Lombards on land that is attributed to Authari in 584 AD. “Langobard” should mean “long beards” and may refer to facial hair or to their axes, but this is not confirmed either by their grave-goods or by depictions of Lombards in contemporary art. Later laws, which may reflect this period, divided the Lombards into armoured noble cavalry, unarmoured cavalry (who probably formed a reserve line) and shielded archers. In the Pannonian period, the unarmoured troops may have fought on foot, armed with spear or sax and shield. Archers were drawn from the lowest class, including freed serfs. Maurice lists the Lombards among the “fair-haired peoples” who he says charge fiercely whether mounted or on foot, are disobedient to their leaders and are easy to ambush. References: Armies of the Dark Ages lan Heath, Maurice’s Strategikon G.T. Dennis (trans).
— Early Lombard Army 489 AD - 584 AD
II/2 — MOUNTAIN INDIAN 500 BC - 170 BC
II/67 — GREUTHINGI, EARLY OSTROGOTHIC, HERUL, SCIRI & TAIFALI 200 AD - 493 AD
II/71 — GEPID 250 AD - 566 AD
II/72 — EARLY FRANKISH, ALAMANNIC, SUEVI, QUADI, RUGIAN & TURCILINGI 250 AD - 496 AD , 506 AD , 406 AD , 584 AD , 487 AD & 493 AD
II/73 — OLD SAXON, FRISIAN, BAVARIAN, THURINGIAN, & EARLY-ANGLO-SAXON 250 AD - 804 AD
II/83 — LATER VISIGOTHIC 419 AD - 720 AD
III/13 — AVAR 553 AD - 826 AD
III/17 — MAURIKIAN BYZANTINE 575 AD - 650 AD
III/1 — EARLY SLAV 476 AD - 1218 AD
III/3 — ITALIAN OSTROGOTHIC 493 AD - 561 AD
III/4 — EARLY BYZANTINE 493 AD - 578 AD
III/5 — MIDDLE FRANKISH 496 AD - 639 AD
II/72 — EARLY FRANKISH, ALAMANNIC, SUEVI, QUADI, RUGIAN & TURCILINGI 250 AD - 496 AD , 506 AD , 406 AD , 584 AD , 487 AD & 493 AD
II/73 — OLD SAXON, FRISIAN, BAVARIAN, THURINGIAN, & EARLY-ANGLO-SAXON 250 AD - 804 AD
III/13 — AVAR 553 AD - 826 AD
III/14 — EARLY BULGAR 558 AD - 1018 AD
III/5 — MIDDLE FRANKISH 496 AD - 639 AD